翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Zero Option ・ Zero order ・ Zero Order Phase ・ Zero page ・ Zero page (CP/M) ・ Zero Patience ・ Zero Patrol ・ Zero point ・ Zero Point (geography) ・ Zero Point Five Love ・ Zero Point Interchange ・ Zero Point One ・ Zero Point railway station ・ Zero Point Zero ・ Zero Point Zero Production ・ Zero population growth ・ Zero power critical ・ Zero Power Physics Reactor ・ Zero price ・ Zero Punctuation ・ Zero Records ・ Zero reference pulse ・ Zero Reflex ・ Zero reject ・ Zero Retention Force Arming Unit ・ Zero ring ・ Zero rupee note ・ Zero S ・ Zero seek ・ Zero Set Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Zero population growth ： ウィキペディア英語版 Zero population growth Zero population growth, sometimes abbreviated ZPG (also called the replacement level of fertility),〔Zero Population Growth Organizanion. "Zero Population Growth." BookRags Staff. N.p., 2005. Web. 7 Oct. 2009. 〕 is a condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a specified population neither grows nor declines, considered as a social aim by some.〔Kingsley Davis (1973) "Zero population growth: the goal and the means" in ''The No-Growth Society'', Mancur Olson & Hans H. Landsberg, eds. New York: Norton〕 According to some, zero population growth is the ideal towards which countries and the whole world should aspire in the interests of accomplishing long-term environmental sustainability.〔Last, John M. "Zero Population Growth." Healthline. N.p., 2002. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. .〕 What it means by ‘the number of people neither grows nor declines’ is that births plus in-migrants equal deaths plus out-migrants.〔Haupt, Arthur, and Thomas Kane (1991) "The Population Reference Bureau's Population Handbook", 3d ed. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau〕 ==History== A loosely defined goal of ZPG is to match the replacement fertility rate, which is the average number of children per woman which would hold the population constant. This replacement fertility will depend on mortality rates and the sex ratio at birth, and varies from around 2.1 in developed countries to over 3.0 in some developing countries.〔Espenshade, Thomas J.; Guzman, Juan Carlos and Westoff, Charles F. ("The Surprising Global Variation in Replacement Fertility" ), Population Research and Policy Review, Vol.22, No. 5-6, Dec. 2003, pp. 575-583.〕 The American sociologist and demographer Kingsley Davis is credited with coining the term〔(Kingsley Davis Obituary )〕 but it was used earlier by George Stolnitz, who stated that the concept of a stationary population dated back to 1693. A mathematical description was given by James Mirrlees. In the late 1960s ZPG became a prominent political movement in the U.S. and parts of Europe, with strong links to environmentalism and feminism. Yale University was a stronghold of the ZPG activists who believed “that a constantly increasing population is responsible for many of our problems: pollution, violence, loss of values and of individual privacy.”〔“ZPG – A New Movement Challenges the U.S. to Stop Growing”, LIFE magazine, April 27, 1970, page 12ff〕 Founding fathers of the movement were Paul Ehrlich, author of ''The Population Bomb'', and Thomas Eisner. Ehrlich stated: “The mother of the year should be a sterilized woman with two adopted children.” 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zero population growth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.